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Processing Technology of linear guides and rails

2025,06,03
The processing of Linear Guide Rail systems follows the sequence of "rough machining → semi-finishing → finishing", with one heat treatment process interspersed throughout. The finishing stage adopts a dual process of grinding and scraping to ensure that components of the linear rail system meet strict precision requirements. Below are the professional process key points incorporating industry-specific terminology:
I. Rough Machining and Deformation Control for Heavy-Duty Linear Rails
In the rough machining of the Linear Guide rail and carriage, cutting is used to remove most of the material allowance. However, this process generates significant cutting heat and machining stress, which can induce deformation in large-scale components of the linear guide rail system. To mitigate this:
1. Cutting Parameter Control: Strictly optimize the three elements of cutting (cutting speed, feed rate, cutting depth) to minimize thermal accumulation. For example, lower cutting speeds and reduced feed rates are often adopted for heavy-duty materials to prevent excessive heat generation.
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2. Stress Relief Treatment: After rough machining, manual aging treatment is mandatory to eliminate residual machining stress. This step prevents dimensional and geometric tolerance deviations in linear guide rails and carriages caused by stress release during storage or subsequent processing.
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II. Finishing Process Objectives for Precision Linear Guide Rail Systems
The finishing process of the linear guide rail system is divided into two critical stages, targeting the precision requirements of high-precision applications:
1. Semi-Finishing
?Purpose: Remove residual rough machining allowance and refine the basic geometry of components (e.g., guide rail profiles, carriage mounting surfaces).
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?Role: Lay a foundation for final finishing by reducing the machining load and ensuring uniform material removal in the subsequent stage.
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2. Final Finishing (Grinding & Scraping)
?Grinding Process: High-precision grinding machines are used to efficiently remove remaining allowance while achieving the required surface roughness (e.g., Ra ≤ 0.8μm) for linear guide rails. This process ensures the straightness and parallelism of guide rail grooves.
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?Scraping Process: Skilled technicians perform manual fine-trimming on the contact surfaces of linear guide rails and carriages. This step eliminates micro-irregularities from grinding, improves surface flatness (e.g., within 3μm/m), and enhances the contact ratio (≥90%) for optimal load distribution and smooth motion.
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III. Heat Treatment Process Specifications
1. Annealing Treatment (Pre-Machining Stress Relief)
?Application: Pre-treatment for raw materials (e.g., cast iron or steel billets) of linear guide rails and carriages.
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?Purpose:
Eliminate internal stresses generated during casting or forging.
Improve material machinability by reducing hardness and brittleness.
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?Process Parameters:
Heat up at 50–100°C/h to 500–550°C; hold for 3–5 hours.
Cool with the furnace at 20–50°C/h to 200°C, then air-cool to room temperature.
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2. Artificial Aging Treatment (Post-Machining Stress Relief)
?Application Stage: After rough machining and semi-finishing, before final finishing of the linear guide rail system.
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?Purpose:
Neutralize stresses induced by cutting operations in heavy-duty linear rails and carriages.
Stabilize dimensional accuracy to prevent deformation during grinding and scraping.
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?Process Parameters:
Heat up at ≤100°C/h to 500–550°C; hold for 4–6 hours (extended holding time for thick-section components).
Cool with the furnace at 20–30°C/h to 200°C, then air-cool to room temperature.
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